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一、JDBC快速入门: 1.1 概念: Java DataBase Connectivity = Java 数据库连接。Java 语言操作数据库
1.2 JDBC本质: 其实是官方定义的一套操作所有关系型数据库的规则,各个数据库厂商去实现这套接口,提供数据库驱动 jar 包。 我们可以使用这套接口(JDBC)编程,真正执行的代码时驱动 jar 包中的实现类。
1.3 快速入门: 步骤: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 . 导入驱动jar包 mysql-connector-java-5.1 .37 -bin.jar 1 .复制mysql-connector-java-5.1 .37 -bin.jar 到项目的libs目录下 2 .右键-->Add As Library 2 . 注册驱动3 . 获取数据库连接对象 Connection4 . 定义sql5 . 获取执行sql语句的对象 Statement6 . 执行sql,接受返回结果7 . 处理结果8 . 释放资源
代码实现: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" ); Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db3" , "root" , "2020" ); String sql = "update account set balance = 500 where id = 1" ; Statement stmt = conn.createStatement(); int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);System.out.println (count); stmt.close (); conn.close ();
二、对JDBC各个接口和类详解: 2.1 DriverManager : 驱动管理对象 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 * 功能: 1. 注册驱动:告诉程序该使用哪一个数据库驱动 jar static void registerDriver(Driver driver) : 注册与给定的驱动程序 DriverManager 。 写代码使用: Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" ); 通过查看源码发现:在com.mysql.jdbc.Driver类中存在静态代码块 static { try { java.sql.DriverManager.registerDriver(new Driver()); } catch (SQLException E) { throw new RuntimeException("Can't register driver!" ); } } 注意:mysql5之后的驱动jar包可以省略注册驱动的步骤。 2. 获取数据库连接: * 方法:static Connection getConnection(String url, String user, String password) * 参数: url:指定连接的路径 语法:jdbc:mysql: 例子:jdbc:mysql: 细节:如果连接的是本机mysql服务器,并且mysql服务默认端口是3306 ,则url可以简写为:jdbc:mysql: user:用户名 password:密码
2.2 Connection : 数据库连接对象 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 功能: 1. 获取执行sql 的对象 * Statement createStatement() * PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql) 2. 管理事务: * 开启事务:setAutoCommit(boolean autoCommit) :调用该方法设置参数为false,即开启事务 * 提交事务:commit() * 回滚事务:rollback()
2.3 Statement : 执行 sql 的对象 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1. 执行sql 1. boolean execute(String sql) :可以执行任意的sql 了解 2. int executeUpdate(String sql) :执行DML(insert、update、delete)语句、DDL(create,alter、drop)语句 * 返回值:影响的行数,可以通过这个影响的行数判断DML语句是否执行成功 返回值>0的则执行成功,反之,则失败。 3. ResultSet executeQuery(String sql) :执行DQL(select)语句 2. 练习: 1. account表 添加一条记录 2. account表 修改记录 3. account表 删除一条记录
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 添加一条记录操作,代码: Statement stmt = null ; Connection conn = null ; try { Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" ); String sql = "insert into account values(null,'王五',3000)" ; conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql:///db3" , "root" , "root" ); stmt = conn.createStatement(); int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql); System.out .println(count); if (count > 0 ){ System.out .println("添加成功!" ); }else { System.out .println("添加失败!" ); } } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally { if (stmt != null ){ try { stmt.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (conn != null ){ try { conn.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 修改一条记录操作,代码: Connection conn = null ; Statement stmt = null ; try { Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" ); conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql:///db3" , "root" , "root" ); String sql = "update account set balance = 1500 where id = 3" ; stmt = conn.createStatement(); int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql); System.out .println(count); if (count > 0 ){ System.out .println("修改成功!" ); }else { System.out .println("修改失败" ); } } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (stmt != null ){ try { stmt.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (conn != null ){ try { conn.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 删除一条记录操作,代码: Connection conn = null ; Statement stmt = null ; try { Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" ); conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql:///db3" , "root" , "root" ); String sql = "delete from account where id = 3" ; stmt = conn.createStatement(); int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql); System.out .println(count); if (count > 0 ){ System.out .println("删除成功!" ); }else { System.out .println("删除失败" ); } } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (stmt != null ){ try { stmt.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (conn != null ){ try { conn.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 执行DDL语句,创建表: Connection conn = null ; Statement stmt = null ; try { Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" ); conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql:///db3" , "root" , "root" ); String sql = "create table student (id int , name varchar(20))" ; stmt = conn.createStatement(); int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql); System.out .println(count); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (stmt != null ){ try { stmt.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (conn != null ){ try { conn.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
2.4 ResultSet : 结果集对象,封装查询结果 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 * boolean next(): 游标向下移动一行,判断当前行是否是最后一行末尾(是否有数据),如果是,则返回false ,如果不是则返回true * getXxx(参数):获取数据 * Xxx:代表数据类型 如: int getInt() , String getString() * 参数: 1. int :代表列的编号,从1 开始 如: getString(1 ) 2. String :代表列名称。 如: getDouble("balance" ) * 注意: * 使用步骤: 1. 游标向下移动一行 2. 判断是否有数据 3. 获取数据 使用 Java 代码获取数据库表中的数据,并输出到控制台: 代码: Connection conn = null ; Statement stmt = null ; ResultSet rs = null ; try { Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" ); conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql:///db3" , "root" , "root" ); String sql = "select * from account" ; stmt = conn.createStatement(); rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql); rs.next(); int id = rs.getInt(1 ); String name = rs.getString("name" ); double balance = rs.getDouble(3 ); System.out.println(id + "---" + name + "---" + balance); rs.next(); int id2 = rs.getInt(1 ); String name2 = rs.getString("name" ); double balance2 = rs.getDouble(3 ); System.out.println(id2 + "---" + name2 + "---" + balance2); rs.next(); int id3 = rs.getInt(1 ); String name3 = rs.getString("name" ); double balance3 = rs.getDouble(3 ); System.out.println(id3 + "---" + name3 + "---" + balance3); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (rs != null ){ try { rs.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (stmt != null ){ try { stmt.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (conn != null ){ try { conn.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 上一个代码的升级版,使用 while 循环获取表中的数据: 代码: Connection conn = null ; Statement stmt = null ; ResultSet rs = null ; try { Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" ); conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql:///db3" , "root" , "root" ); String sql = "select * from account" ; stmt = conn.createStatement(); rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql); while (rs.next()){ int id = rs.getInt(1 ); String name = rs.getString("name" ); double balance = rs.getDouble(3 ); System.out.println(id + "---" + name + "---" + balance); } } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (rs != null ){ try { rs.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (stmt != null ){ try { stmt.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (conn != null ){ try { conn.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
使用 Select 语句,把数据库表中的数据全部抓取出来,封装成集合对象,输出到控制台
emp 代码:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 package cn.itcast.domain;import java.util.Date;public class Emp { private int id; private String ename; private int job_id; private int mgr; private Date joindate; private double salary; private double bonus; private int dept_id; public int getId () { return id; } public void setId (int id) { this .id = id; } public String getEname () { return ename; } public void setEname (String ename) { this .ename = ename; } public int getJob_id () { return job_id; } public void setJob_id (int job_id) { this .job_id = job_id; } public int getMgr () { return mgr; } public void setMgr (int mgr) { this .mgr = mgr; } public Date getJoindate () { return joindate; } public void setJoindate (Date joindate) { this .joindate = joindate; } public double getSalary () { return salary; } public void setSalary (double salary) { this .salary = salary; } public double getBonus () { return bonus; } public void setBonus (double bonus) { this .bonus = bonus; } public int getDept_id () { return dept_id; } public void setDept_id (int dept_id) { this .dept_id = dept_id; } @Override public String toString () { return "emp{" + "id=" + id + ", ename='" + ename + '\'' + ", job_id=" + job_id + ", mgr=" + mgr + ", joindate=" + joindate + ", salary=" + salary + ", bonus=" + bonus + ", dept_id=" + dept_id + '}' + "\n" ; } }
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 package cn.itcast.jdbc; import cn.itcast.domain.Emp;import java.sql.*;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List ; @create 2020-05-20-20:52 public class JDBCDemo8 { public static void main(String [] args) { List <Emp> list = new JDBCDemo8().findAll(); System.out.println(list); System.out.println(list.size()); } / public List <Emp> findAll(){ Connection conn = null ; Statement stmt = null ; ResultSet rs = null ; List <Emp> list = null ; try { Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" ); conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql:///db4" ,"root" ,"2020" ); String sql = "select * from emp" ; stmt = conn.createStatement(); rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql); Emp emp = null ; list = new ArrayList<Emp>(); while (rs.next()){ int id = rs.getInt("id" ); String ename = rs.getString("ename" ); int job_id = rs.getInt("job_id" ); int mgr = rs.getInt("mgr" ); Date joindate = rs.getDate("joindate" ); double salary = rs.getDouble("salary" ); double bonus = rs.getDouble("bonus" ); int dept_id = rs.getInt("dept_id" ); emp = new Emp(); emp.setId(id); emp.setEname(ename); emp.setJob_id(job_id); emp.setMgr(mgr); emp.setJoindate(joindate); emp.setSalary(salary); emp.setBonus(bonus); emp.setDept_id(dept_id); list.add(emp); } } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally { if (rs != null ){ try { rs.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (stmt != null ){ try { stmt.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (conn != null ){ try { conn.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } return list; } }
2.5 JDBC 工具类 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 * 目的:简化书写 * 分析: 1. 注册驱动也抽取 2. 抽取一个方法获取连接对象 * 需求:不想传递参数(麻烦),还得保证工具类的通用性。 * 解决:配置文件 jdbc.properties url= user= password= 3. 抽取一个方法释放资源
代码实现: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 package cn.itcast.util;import java.io.FileReader;import java.io.IOException;import java.net.URL;import java.sql.*;import java.util.Properties;public class JDBCUtils { private static String url; private static String user; private static String password; private static String driver; static { try { Properties pro = new Properties(); ClassLoader classLoader = JDBCUtils.class.getClassLoader(); URL res = classLoader.getResource("jdbc.properties" ); String path = res.getPath(); pro.load(new FileReader(path)); url = pro.getProperty("url" ); user = pro.getProperty("user" ); password = pro.getProperty("password" ); driver = pro.getProperty("driver" ); Class.forName(driver); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public static Connection getConnection () throws SQLException { return DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password); } public static void close (Statement stmt,Connection conn) { if ( stmt != null ){ try { stmt.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if ( conn != null ){ try { conn.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } public static void close (ResultSet rs,Statement stmt, Connection conn) { if ( rs != null ){ try { rs.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if ( stmt != null ){ try { stmt.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if ( conn != null ){ try { conn.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 public static void main (String[] args ) { List<Emp> list = new JDBCDemo8().findAll2(); System.out .println(list); System.out .println(list.size()); } public List<Emp> findAll2 ( ) { Connection conn = null ; Statement stmt = null ; ResultSet rs = null ; List<Emp> list = null ; try { conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection(); String sql = "select * from emp" ; stmt = conn.createStatement(); rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql); Emp emp = null ; list = new ArrayList<Emp>(); while (rs.next()){ int id = rs.getInt("id" ); String ename = rs.getString("ename" ); int job_id = rs.getInt("job_id" ); int mgr = rs.getInt("mgr" ); Date joindate = rs.getDate("joindate" ); double salary = rs.getDouble("salary" ); double bonus = rs.getDouble("bonus" ); int dept_id = rs.getInt("dept_id" ); emp = new Emp(); emp.setId(id); emp.setEname(ename); emp.setJob_id(job_id); emp.setMgr(mgr); emp.setJoindate(joindate); emp.setSalary(salary); emp.setBonus(bonus); emp.setDept_id(dept_id); list.add (emp); } } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally { JDBCUtils.close(rs,stmt,conn); } return list; }
配置文件:
1 2 3 4 url=jdbc:mysql: user=root password=root driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
2.6 JDBC 练习:登录案例 第一个版本:会被sql注入强行登录 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 public class JDBCDemo9 { public static void main (String[] args ) { Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in ); System.out .println("请输入用户名:" ); String username = sc.nextLine(); System.out .println("请输入密码:" ); String password = sc.nextLine(); boolean flag = new JDBCDemo9().login2(username, password); if (flag){ System.out .println("登录成功!" ); }else { System.out .println("用户名或密码错误!" ); } } public boolean login (String username ,String password ) { if (username == null || password == null ){ return false ; } Connection conn = null ; Statement stmt = null ; ResultSet rs = null ; try { conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection(); String sql = "select * from user where username = '" +username+"' and password = '" +password+"' " ; System.out .println(sql); stmt = conn.createStatement(); rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql); return rs.next(); } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally { JDBCUtils.close(rs,stmt,conn); } return false ; }
2.7 PreparedStatement : 执行 sql 的对象 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1. SQL注入问题:在拼接sql时,有一些sql的特殊关键字参与字符串的拼接。会造成安全性问题 1. 输入用户随便,输入密码:a' or ' a' = ' a 2. sql:select * from user where username = 'fhdsjkf' and password = 'a' or 'a' = 'a' 2. 解决sql注入问题:使用PreparedStatement对象来解决3. 预编译的SQL:参数使用?作为占位符4. 步骤: 1. 导入驱动jar包 mysql-connector-java-5.1 .37 -bin.jar 2. 注册驱动 3. 获取数据库连接对象 Connection 4. 定义sql * 注意:sql的参数使用?作为占位符。 如:select * from user where username = ? and password = ?; 5. 获取执行sql语句的对象 PreparedStatement Connection.prepareStatement(String sql) 6. 给?赋值: * 方法: setXxx(参数1 ,参数2 ) * 参数1 :?的位置编号 从1 开始 * 参数2 :?的值 7. 执行sql,接受返回结果,不需要传递sql语句 8. 处理结果 9. 释放资源 5. 注意:后期都会使用PreparedStatement来完成增删改查的所有操作 1. 可以防止SQL注入 2. 效率更高
代码演示: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 /** * 登录方法,使用PreparedStatement实现 */ public boolean login2(String username ,String password){ if(username == null || password == null){ return false; } //连接数据库判断是否登录成功 Connection conn = null; PreparedStatement pstmt = null; ResultSet rs = null; //1.获取连接 try { conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection(); //2.定义sql String sql = "select * from user where username = ? and password = ?"; //3.获取执行sql的对象 pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql); //给?赋值 pstmt.setString(1,username); pstmt.setString(2,password); //4.执行查询,不需要传递sql rs = pstmt.executeQuery(); //5.判断 /* if(rs.next()){//如果有下一行,则返回true return true; }else{ return false; }*/ return rs.next();//如果有下一行,则返回true } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally { JDBCUtils.close(rs,pstmt,conn); } return false; }
三、JDBC 控制事务: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1. 事务:一个包含多个步骤的业务操作。如果这个业务操作被事务管理,则这多个步骤要么同时成功,要么同时失败。2. 操作: 1. 开启事务 2. 提交事务 3. 回滚事务 3. 使用Connection对象来管理事务 * 开启事务:setAutoCommit(boolean autoCommit) :调用该方法设置参数为false ,即开启事务 * 在执行sql之前开启事务 * 提交事务:commit() * 当所有sql都执行完提交事务 * 回滚事务:rollback() * 在catch 中回滚事务
代码: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 Connection conn = null ; PreparedStatement pstmt1 = null ; PreparedStatement pstmt2 = null ; try { conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection(); conn.setAutoCommit(false ); String sql1 = "update account set balance = balance - ? where id = ?" ; String sql2 = "update account set balance = balance + ? where id = ?" ; pstmt1 = conn.prepareStatement(sql1); pstmt2 = conn.prepareStatement(sql2); pstmt1.setDouble(1 ,500 ); pstmt1.setInt(2 ,1 ); pstmt2.setDouble(1 ,500 ); pstmt2.setInt(2 ,2 ); pstmt1.executeUpdate(); int i = 3 /0 ; pstmt2.executeUpdate(); conn.commit(); } catch (Exception e) { try { if (conn != null ) { conn.rollback(); } } catch (SQLException e1) { e1.printStackTrace(); } e.printStackTrace(); }finally { JDBCUtils.close(pstmt1,conn); JDBCUtils.close(pstmt2,null ); }